ON · 2026-11-12 15:40 UTC

How We See zkSNARKs and zkSTARKs for Verifiable Data

The article describes zkSNARKs as compact, fast-to-verify proofs with small proof sizes, such as a 192-byte Groth16 proof costing about 100,000 to 150,000 gas on the EVM, and zkSTARKs as transparent, hash-based, quantum-resistant proofs with larger sizes. It states that Orochi Network's zkDatabase runs Groth16, a zkSNARK, in production today, with Plonky3, Halo2, Nova and Pickles planned. The article frames zkSNARKs and zkSTARKs as complementary rather than competing technologies for verifiable data infrastructure.

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